Izidakamizwa Zakamuva Zokulwa Nokuguga: I-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN)

Ingabe ufile ubeka ngokumelene nokuguga? Yebo, isidakamizwa sokulwa nokuguga akungabazeki ukuthi kuyindlela ethembekile kakhulu yokuguqula iwashi lakho lezinto eziphilayo. Hlola izici ezibucayi zeNicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN), indima yayo ku-senescence, nokuthi ungathola kanjani ukwelashwa.

Isingeniso

Ukukhula ubudala akugwemeki. Kodwa-ke, kunamandla okuguqula inqubo yokuguga ngokusebenzisa I-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide. Bamba amahhashi akho ngoba ngizokunika ulwazi olunzulu ukuthi imilingo ihlanganiswe kanjani ngaphakathi kwamaseli omuntu.

Izinwele ezimhlophe zilingana nokuhlakanipha!

Le nkolelo kungenzeka ukuthi yiyona nto engcono kakhulu ozoxoxa ngayo enkulu. Noma kunjalo, ukumomotheka kwakho kuyobe kuphila isikhathi esifushane uma uqala ukuqaphela imibimbi yonke isikhumba sakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguga kuyathinta kokubili imisebenzi engokwenyama nangokwengqondo.

Ake sibhekane nakho. I- anti-ukuguga okhilimu ebusweni nokuhlinzwa kwezimonyo bekulokhu kuyinto kuleli khulu leminyaka elihlakaniphile. Okudingayo ukwazi ukuthi lezi zinqubo zesikhashana futhi kungenzeka ukuthi zidale imiphumela emibi.

Empeleni, kufanele ulwe nokuguga ngokuqala ngokuqonda izinqubo zeselula nezokuphila ezidlala indima ezimeni ezihlobene nobudala. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuba lula ukuthola izindlela zokulwa ne-senescence. I-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide elwa nokuguga isebenza ukubuyisela ubusha.

Sonke sifuna ukukhula ngobubele, kwesokudla? Lokhu, okuyiqiniso kungase kungabonakali lapho umzimba wakho uqhubeka u buthakathaka, futhi ugcina ube umshini wezinhlobo zezinhliziyo zenhliziyo, i-Alzheimer's, ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo nokuningi.

I-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide engaqondakali (i-NMN)

Ngakho-ke, yikuphi ukuphikisana ngakho konke mayelana neNicotinamide Mononucleotide? Ake ngichaze.

I-NMN ikhona kokubili ama-alpha (α) namafomu we-beta (β). Nokho, i-β-NMN ifomu elisebenza kakhulu. Le nucleotide ephilayo iphakathi kwe-biosynthesis ye-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide noma i-NAD +.

Le nhlanganisela ngokwemvelo ikhona ku-avocado, utamatisi, ikhukhamba, i-cabbages, i-broccoli, nenkomo yenkomo eluhlaza. E-laboratory, itholakala njenge-nicotinamide mononucleotide bulk powder.

Ngendlela yayo eluhlaza, ibonisa inombolo ye-CAS, 1094-61-7. Inhlanganisela ivela ekuphenduleni phakathi kwe-nucleoside, njenge-nicotinamide riboside neqembu le-phosphate.

Ocwaningweni lwangaphambi komtholampilo, umsebenzi we-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide kumagundane ubonakale uwusizo emisebenzini ye-biochemical yamaselula, ukuphathwa kwesifo i-Alzheimer's, isifo sikashukela esihlobene nobudala, izinkinga ezibangelwa ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, kanye nokuvikela inhliziyo. Naphezu kwayo yonke le misebenzi yemithi ehlotshaniswa ne-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, ukutholakala okudabukisayo kakhulu ukuzibandakanya kwayo emisebenzini yokulwa nokuguga.

Emzimbeni womuntu, i-NMN ingumthombo omkhulu wamandla ngaphakathi kwamaseli. Njengoba ukhula, amandla eselula ancipha ngenxa yamazinga aphansi we-nicotinamide mononucleotide nokunciphisa okulandelayo kwe-NAD +. Ukulawula i-NMN kuzoguqula inqubo futhi ibuyisele imali.

(1) I-NMN iyimfihlakalo kanjani?

Le mithi elwa nokuguga ihamba njengombani kusuka esiswini iye ekujikelezeni kwegazi. Emizuzwini embalwa, zizobe sezinyuselwe egazini. Ngalesi sizathu, kuyacaca ukuthi kungahle kungabi khona ukuphendula kwamakhemikhali okwenzeka endleleni yama-molecule.

Ijubane elididayo lenze abacwaningi baphetha ngokuthi kungenzeka kube khona umthuthi, okwenza kube lula ukulethwa kukaphethiloli wamaseli. Isibonelo, u-Imai nabangane bakhe baqala ukuthola impendulo ngocwaningo lwakhe lwakamuva olushicilelwe ngoJanuwari 7, 2019.

Ngokuguga, umzimba usebenzisa i-NAD + engaphezulu kunalokho ongakwenza. Noma ngabe usebenzisa kangakanani i-nicotinamide mononucleotide, inqubo isazoba ukuchitha isikhathi inqobo nje uma ingekho i-molecule yokusiza ukuthuthwa kwayo. Qhubeka upheqa ukuze uveze umthuthi ongaqondakali ozoxazulula ama-90% ezinkinga zokuguga.

(2) I-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Structure Formula

(3) Imininingwane ye-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide

Igama Product	Iphunga elimnyama likaNicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN)
I-CAS cha.	1094-61-7
Ifomula lomkhosi	C11H15N2O8P
isisindo Yamamolekhula	I-334.221 g / mol
ukubukeka	I-powder elimhlophe elimhlophe
Ukuhlanzeka	> 98%
solubility	I-soluble yamanzi
lokushisa Isitoreji	-20 ° C
Amanye amagama	· I-Nicotinamide-1-ium-1-β-D-ribofuranoside 5'-phosphate· Β-nicotinamide mononucleotide · Beta-NMN· Nicotinamide ribonucleotide· 3-(Aminocarbonyl) -1-(5-O-phosphonato-beta-D- ribofuranosyl)pyridinium· Nicotinamide ribonucleoside 5'-phosphate

I-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide ne-NAD +

Bobabili I-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide ne-NAD + yizici eziphawulekayo zokukhiqizwa kwamafutha emaselula.

I-NMN ingaphakathi phakathi kwe-biosynthesis ye-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (i-NAD +). Into esebenza njenge-substrate ye-enzyme ethize njenge-nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase, eguqulela ku-NAD + emzimbeni womuntu. Phezu kokuchichima, lesi sakhi sishintsha ku-nicotinamide. Kamuva, ihlangana nesinye isenzo esithintekayo esithinta i-nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) eyenza i-NMN.

Lezi zimvukuzane ezimbili zihlangene kangangokuthi ukungabi khona kwanoma yikuphi kubo kuzothinta omunye. Thatha, isibonelo, uma amazinga we-NMN ewa ngezansi kakhulu, mhlawumbe ngenxa ye-senescence, ubungakanani be-NAD + buzokwehla.

Njengoba ukhula, ezinye izinto ze-enzymatic zivame ukudla i-NAD + ngaphezu komzimba ongakwazi ukukhiqiza uphethiloli. Ama-nurtua, i-NADase, ne-poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) ziyingxenye ye-enzymes, eshisa i-NAD + eholele ekuqondeni kwayo.

Nokho, ukwehla kwamapayipi kagesi akuyona okungahleliwe. Thatha, isibonelo, impendulo ye-enzymatic ehlanganisa i-PARP usizo ekulungiseni i-DNA ewonakele. Futhi, ama-sirerisi adlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni umzimba wamagciwane.

Yize kukhona ubudlelwane bemithi phakathi kwalawa ma-biomarker amabili, awusoze waqondisa ngqo i-NAD + ohlelweni. Ngendlela engenzeka ngayo, imiphumela emibi ngeke ibekezeleleke. Isibonelo, umthamo omkhulu ubonakala ngokukhathala, ukukhathazeka nokuqwasha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nhlanganisela ayikwazi ukungena kalula nge-plasma ulwelwesi.

(1) Indlela Yokuthwala

The anti-ukuguga i-Nicotinamide Mononucleotideiyatholakala njengesidakamizwa somlomo. Ukwamukela kwawo ngaphakathi kwodonga lwamathambo futhi kuhlelo lokujikeleza luqala cishe ngemizuzu emithathu. Nge-15^th min, konke kuzobe sekuthathiwe. Ucwaningo olunzulu olwenziwe ngu-Imai nabacwaningi asebenza nabo luthola ukuthi kukhona iprotheni esheshisa leli zinga lokumunca ngokushesha.

Lapho kufakwa izicubu, i-NMN iguqulela ibe yi-NAD + ukuze igcinwe kalula. Inqubo ye-metabolism ingathatha isigamu sehora. Ukuhlushwa kwe-NAD + kuvame kakhulu emisipha yamathambo, izicubu ezimhlophe ze-adipose, isibindi, ne-cortex. Kodwa-ke, ukuphathwa kwesikhathi eside kweNicotinamide Mononucleotide kwaphakamisa izinga le-NAD + kwezinye izitho ezifana nezicubu ezibomvu ze-adipose.

(2) I-NMN Biosynthetic Pathways

Ngaphakathi kwamaseli we-mammalian, kunezindlela ezintathu ezihlukene zokuxilisa umzimba ezikhokhela ukulahlekelwa kwe-NAD +.

①I-De Novo Pathway

I-De Novo igama elithiLain, elisho ukuthi "kusukela ekuqaleni." Lapha, i-nucleotides itholakala ku-tryptophan noma i-nicotinic acid, ephuma kakhulu ekudleni kwe-NMN.

Kule ndlela, ukulandelana komsebenzi wezinto eziphilayo kubangela ukwakheka kwe-nicotinic acid mononucleotide, i-nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide, futhi ekugcineni i-NAD + elindeleke kakhulu. I-De Novo ikhiqiza mayelana ne-15% yephethri yeselula yonke.

②I-Salvage Pathway

Lapha, indlela ivuselela i-nucleosides lapho kwenzeka khona i-DNA. Ilandisa ngaphezu kwe-80% yenani le-NAD + eliphelele, elidinga umzimba womuntu ngemisebenzi yeselula. Umzila uvuselela kokubili i-nicotinic acid ne-nicotinamide ukuze kwenziwe i-NAD + entsha.

I-Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase ishesha ukubunjwa kwe-nicotinic acid mononucleotide kusuka ku-nicotinic acid. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase i-1 ivuselela i-adenylation yomkhiqizo ophumela ku-nicotinic acid adenine mononucleotide, futhi ekugcineni ibe yi-NAD +.

Umsebenzi weNMN kumuntu uncike kule ndlela.

③Ukuguqulwa kwe-NR

I-Nicotinamide Riboside ingenye isandulela se-NAD +. Phezu kwe-phosphorylation phambi kwe-nicotinamide riboside kinase, i-biomarker ikhiqiza i-NMN ngaphambi kokuba iphenduke enye inguquko ye-enzymatic ibe yi-NAD +.

Umlando we-NAD + ne-NMN kuCwaningo

Phakathi neminyaka, ukutadisha kanye nokusetshenziswa kokwelapha kwe-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide kanye nabangaphambili bayoba yilo lonke ukufutheka. Nokho, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi lezi anti-aging izithako ziye zaqhutshwa kabanzi ocwaningweni kusukela phakathi kwe-1900s.

Ku-1906, izazi zokuqala zathi i-NAD + yashesha izinga lokuvutshelwa emvubelo. Ngemva kwalokho, ezinye izazi ze-biochemists zalandelana ngokuzihlukanisa njenge-nucleotide.

Ngokucwaninga kwakhe ku-1937, uConrad Elvehjem wathola ukuthi i-nicotinamide ne-nicotinic ngamavithamini nama-precursors we-NAD +. Kamuva, wathola ukuthi laba ababili banganciphisa i-pellagra ezinja. Isizathu siwukuthi amazinga we-nicotinic acid ne-nicotinamide ayephansi kakhulu kubantu ababhekene nalesi sifo.

Ngo-1963, iqembu lososayensi lasungula ukuthi iNicotinamide Mononucleotide isebenza kumagundane izokhuthaza ama-enzyme ancike kwi-DNA, abaluleke kakhulu ekwandiseni ukusebenza kwamaselula. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, abanye abacwaningi baveza izindlela ze-NAD + zamakhemikhali ezibandakanya i-tryptophan ne-nicotinic acid.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izazi ze-biochemists ziye zaqhubeka zibonisa isithakazelo ku-NMN no-NAD + ucwaningo. Kule nkathi, ukugxila okubaluleke kakhulu kulokhu kubaluleka kwalokhu izidakamizwa zokulwa nokuguga ngokuphila isikhathi eside nokunciphisa izinkinga ezihlobene nobudala.

Ukucwaninga kwakamuva kweNicotinamide Mononucleotide Kusebenza kumaMice

Kunezinhlobo ezingenakubalwa ezihlotshisiwe ezihlotshaniswa ezihlokweni ze-murine ezibonisa izinzuzo zokwelapha zeNicotinamide Mononucleotide (1094-61-7).

Ake sigxile kwabambalwa, abaye baba nomthelela wokuguqula isimo se-biochemistry.

(1) Ngokusho kukaSinclair, i-NAD + iyisithombo sobusha

UDkt. Sinclair kanye nozakwabo baye banyathelisa izingcezu zocwaningo eziningana mayelana nekhono le-nicotinamide mononucleotide ne-NAD + ekuguquleni ukuguga. Ngokusho kocwaningo lwakhe lwe-2013, uSinclair kanye neqembu bathola ukuthi amagundane ase-22 ezinyanga ezinhlanu ezithatha i-NMN ngezinsuku eziyisithupha abonise ukuthuthukiswa komthamo wamascle, umzimba kanye nokukhuthazela.

Kamuva ephepheni lokucwaninga le-2016, leli qembu liqinisekise ukuthi i-NMN inezinzuzo ezifanayo njengokuzivocavoca. Esikhundleni sokugijima esitokisini nsuku zonke, usengathola imiphumela efanayo uma usebenzisa izithako ze-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide esikhundleni salokho.

Ngokwale Harvard Geneticist, the Umsebenzi we-NMN kumuntu ihambisana nokuqinisa ukugeleza kwegazi kulabo abagijimi asebekhulile nabalandeli.

(2) Izicelo zokugaya izimpahla ukuthi i-NMN iyanciphisa ukunciphisa umzimba ngokwemigodi ekhulile

Ngokubhekisela ocwaningweni lwango-2016, uMills et al. ithole ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-NMN kungamelana nokwehla kukho kokubili ukusebenza komzimba nokuzivikela komzimba kumagundane amadala. Ekupheleni kwalolu cwaningo lokwengeza lwe-NMN, amagundane abhalisa ukwanda kokuvezwa kwamaseli omzimba, ukwanda kwe-lymphocytic, kanye nokuncipha kwama-neutrophils.

Phambilini, e2011, uMills, Yoshino, no-Imai basebenzise amamodeli wamagundane ukuqinisekisa indima ye-NAD + ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela esibangelwa ukudla kanye nobudala. Kwesinye futhi isifundo se-2016, wajoyina izandla nabanye abacwaningi abasungula ukuthi ukwengezwa kwe-NMN kuzomelana nengcindezi ye-oxidative kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwemithambo kumagundane amadala.

(3) Izifo Zama-Alzheimer's NmN (AD) ku-Murine Models

Ngo-2015, uLong et al. uphenye umphumela we-NMN ekushodweni kokuphefumula kwe-mitochondrial kumagundane ane-Alzheimer's. Ithimba liqaphele ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-NMN kwakwazi ukwelapha i-etiology ye-AD, kufaka phakathi i-OCR ephansi (amazinga okusetshenziswa komoya-mpilo), ukwehla kwe-NAD +, kanye nokungajwayelekile kwe-mitochondria.

Ngo-2016, uWang nabalingani bakhe bashicilela ucwaningo lwabo, baphetha ngokuthi lezi anti-ukuguga izidakamizwa zilwa nokukhubazeka kwengqondo nokuqonda, okuvela ku-β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomer. Le protein ye-Aβ ine-neurotoxic futhi inesibopho sokwakhiwa kwamacwecwe ebuchosheni beziguli ze-AD. U-Wang et al. uphethe ngokuthi ukuphathwa kwe-NMN kumagundane kuholele ekwehleni kwama-oligomers e-Aβ, ngaleyo ndlela kukhulisa imisebenzi yokuqonda.

Ngemva kocwaningo lwango-2017, u-Hou nozakwabo bathola ukuthi ukwesekwa kwe-NAD+ kwehlisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-oligomers e-β-amyloid. Ngemva konyaka, u-Yao nethimba lakhe basungula ukuthi i-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide inciphisa ukuqoqwa kwe-Aβ nokulahlekelwa kwe-synaptic kumamodeli e-AD-Tg murine.

(4) I-NMN ne-Cardio-ukuvikelwa

Ngokusho kokushicilelwa kuka-2014 ngu-Yamamoto nozakwabo, I-NMN ivikela inhliziyo ekulimaleni kwe-ischemic nasekuphindisweni kabusha. Ngaphambi kwalolu cwaningo, u-Yamamoto wayeyingxenye yeqembu lika-2012, elathola ukuthi i-NAD + ibala ukukhuluphala okubangelwa ukudla ekudleni kwamagundane.

Ngo-2016, uDe Picciotto et al. futhi ozakwabo bamakhemikhali ekilasini bafunda umphumela wokwengeza kwe-NMN ekusebenzeni kwemithambo yegundane eliguga. Kusukela kulokho okushiwo, i-nicotinamide mononucleotide ibonakale isebenza ngempumelelo ekubuyiseleni ukungasebenzi kahle kwemithambo, ukucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative, nokwehla kwe-elastin.

(5) Ukutholakala Emgwaqweni Omusha Wezakhi Zamafutha Amaseli Shin-Ichiro Imai

Ecwaningweni lwakamuva, iqembu labososayensi eliholwa ngu-Imai lathola futhi lahlukanisa lo mthumeli oyimfihlakalo we-NMN emasethini.

Lolu cwaningo lwe-NMN lokungeza luqale litholakale ngoJanuwari 2019 ku Uhlobo lweMetabolism. U-Imai wasungula ukuthi iphrotheni ethile, i-Slc12a8, inesibopho sokuguqulwa okusheshayo kwe-NMN ku-NAD + futhi ukuyithuthela esitokisini. Le enzyme ibaluleke kakhulu kubantu abadala kunokuba abantu abasha noma abanempilo.

Kuzo zonke izifundo ezandulela ukwelashwa, ososayensi bezocwaningo bazoncibilikisa izinyathelo ezaziwayo ze-nicotinamide mononucleotide powder ngobuningi emanzini ngaphambi kokuzinikeza amagundane.

Izinzuzo ezivela eNicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN)

I-NMN inemisebenzi eminingi yokwelapha kanye nemiphumela yemithi emzimbeni womuntu. Esikhathini esingaphansi kweminyaka eyishumi, ososayensi banikele isikhathi sabo sokutadisha zonke izinzuzo zeNicotinamide Mononucleotide kuhlanganisa nezindlela ezichaza ukuguga kanye nezifo ezihlobene nobudala.

Ake sihlole izinzuzo zekhompiyutha ohlelweni lomuntu.

(1) Ukwehlisa i-Cellular Lifespan

Kuze kube sekuqaleni kwe-21^st ikhulu leminyaka, izazi zinezizathu ezanele zokumemezela ukuguga njengenqubo engenakuguqulwa. Noma kunjalo, le mbono isuke ingenalutho ngenxa yokutholakala kokunciphisa anti-aging izithako njengoNicotinamide Mononucleotide.

I-NMN isemvelo-eyenzeka emangqamuzaneni omuntu futhi ibhekene ne-biosynthesis ye-NAD + nokukhiqizwa kwamandla. Njengoba usuguga, lezi zinhlanganisela ezimbili zihlaziya futhi ziholela ekulawulweni kwamaseli ase-stem. Khumbula, leyunithi esebenzayo idinga uphethiloli okwanele okwanele ukuphindaphinda njalo, ngakho-ke, ukuwa kuyokwehlisa isikhathi sokuphila kwamaselula.

Ukulawula izidakamizwa eziphikisayo zokulwa nokuguga ezifana ne-NMN kuzoguqula inqubo bese iphuza indlela yokuguga.

(2) Ukusekela Amanqanaba Ezinsizwa ZamaNtsha aseNtsha

Imvelaphi eyinhloko yezifo eziningi ezihlotshaniswa nokuguga kuncipha kuze kube sezingeni leselula. Ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla ngaphakathi kwamaseli kuyinhloko enkulu yezinkomba zokuguga.

Ukuba yisandulela se-NAD +, i-NMN inendima okufanele idlale ekulondolozeni amazinga aphezulu wezamandla we-mitochondria yeseli. Ukuguga kuzobangela ukuthi ukwehla kwe-NAD + kungabikho. Ngenxa yalokho, inqubo yokuguga isikhashana iholela ekuthuthukiseni izifo eziguga.

Ukudonsa emanzini wamandla eselula ngaphakathi kwezitho ezibalulekile ezinjengezinthambo, imithambo yegazi, izinso, isibindi, noma ama-pancreas njalo kuphazamisa impilo engokwenyama nangokwengqondo. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi izifo ezinjenge-ischemia, izimo zenhliziyo, ukwehluleka kwezinso, ukuphazamiseka kwe-neurodegenerative, nabanye ukudubula.

Isixazululo esikahle ngokwengeza somzimba I-Nicotinamide mononucleotide kanye ne-NAD+ ngokwelashwa kwe-NMN yangaphandle. Lezi zidakamizwa zokulwa nokuguga zinikeza ukuphila okusha emangqamuzaneni asebekhulile, azobe esefaka ukubukeka kobusha.

(3) Ukwenza ngcono ukujikeleza kwegazi

Enye yezinguquko ezenzeka ngesikhathi eside kunciphisa izinga lemithambo yegazi ngaphakathi komzimba wamamamalia. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lokujikeleza luhamba kahle kakhulu lapho luthwala izakhi, oksijini, ukushisa, noma ukususa imfucuza ezivela ezithombeni. Njengoba lesi simo siqhubeka, siphuthuma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi esiholela ekufakeni izifo ezinesikhathi eside.

I-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide ngokuqondile ingabangela ukukhiqizwa kwemithambo yegazi. Ngivumele ngichaze. I-compound yenza inamba ye-NAD +, ephinde isebenze iphrotheni ye-sirtuin deacetylase (SIRT1).

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-SIRT1 i-diacetylates i-lysine izinsalela ezisiza ekukhiqizeni ama-radicals mahhala e-oxygen. Le ndlela ilwa nokucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative, ukufinyelwa kabusha, noma ukulimala kwe-ischemic. Ezimweni ezijwayelekile, umzimba ngokwawo uzokuphikisana nokusekela ischemia nezimo ezihlobene ngokusebenzisa ischemic preconditioning (IPC). I-IPC izobe isenza ukugqugquzela ukukhiqizwa kwe-SIRT1.

Ungakwazi ukuphatha i-NMN ngaphambi komcimbi we-ischemic noma ngesikhathi sokubonakaliswa kwayo. Ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke, le nhlanganisela inikeza i-cardio-protection ngokukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-ATP ngokusebenzisa i-glycolysis.

Endabeni ye-Ischemia, usengasebenzisa iNicotinamide Mononucleotide njengoba izodala i-acidosis futhi idale ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-mitochondrial; yingakho, kuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kohlelo lwezinhliziyo.

(4) I-Muscle Endurance

Ngabe ulindeleni lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kwehla? Yebo, umbuso uzoholela ekulahlekelweni kwesisindo semisipha. Akungabazeki ukuthi uzobona ukuthi abantu abadala abanakho ukusebenza okuncane, ukukhuthazela okuphansi, ukunganyakazi, nokukhathala kakhulu ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Okunye kokutholwa okuqhekezayo nguDkt.Sinclair kwakugxile ekusebenzeni kweNMN ekukhuliseni amandla emisipha. Ngokuya nge-2013 yakhe kanye nezifundo zakamuva ze-2018, amagundane amadala avezwe ukwelashwa kwe-NMN kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa aba namandla emzimbeni futhi asebenza njengabalingani babo abancane.

Umthamo wemisipha kanye nokubekezela kwamagundane amadala (izinyanga ezingu-30 ubudala) kwakufana naleyo yengane enezinyanga ezinhlanu ubudala. Lezi zinkathi ziqhathaniswa neminyaka engaba ngu-70 kanye nengama-20 kubantu. Kusukela kokutholakele, ungaphetha ngokuthi i-NMN isebenza kubantu abaqinisekile njengokufa.

(5) Ukulwa nezifo ze-Neurodegenerative

Ubuchopho bunjenge-powerhouse yesistimu yakho. Lesi sici singase sibe isizathu sokuthi kungani ama-medics azohlala ethembela emisebenzini yobuchopho lapho ememezela isikhathi sokufa.

Ukunciphisa amazinga we-NAD + ebuchosheni kuphazamisa impilo yokuqonda phakathi kwabantu asebekhulile. Ukuphathwa kwe-NMN kusheshisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-NAD, ngakho-ke, ukuvikela imisebenzi ye-neural.

Izifundo eziningi zifakazela ukuthi iNicotinamide Mononucleotide izuzisa ukuqashelwa, ukushaywa unhlangothi, futhi ivimbele ukulahleka kwenkumbulo, okuvame kakhulu ngokuguga. Kafushane, lokhu anti-ukuguga ibhekwa ibhekele ukugcinwa kwama-neurons.

I-NMN ihlose ikakhulukazi i-etiology yanoma yisiphi isimo sezinzwa esinikeziwe. Ngokwesibonelo, I-Alzheimer's isifo senzeka ngenxa yokwehla kwe-NAD +, isilinganiso esiphansi sokusetshenziswa komoya-mpilo ebuchosheni, nokungajwayelekile kwe-mitochondrial. Ukwandisa inani le-NMN kuzinto zokubala zomzimba yonke le miphumela.

Ngokuya ngocwaningo olushicilelwe ngo-2012, iNicotinamide Mononucleotide izokuphatha kahle ukulinyazwa kwe-intracerebral, okuvame ukuholela ekushayweni unhlangothi. Amagundane amadala abengaphansi kwesilinganiso se-NMN abhalise intuthuko enkulu ekukhiqizweni kwe-intracerebral NAD +. Lezi zinhlobo zocwaningo zazinokuvikelwa okuphezulu ekulweni nesifo se-ischemic, ukufa kwe-neural, nokuvuvukala kwemizwa.

(6) I-Metabolism Ethuthukisiwe Ebudala

Abacwaningi abaningana baye bacwaninga futhi bafakazela ukuthi i-NMN ikhuthaza ukubekezelelana kwe-glucose ngenkathi kukhuliswa umthamo weshukela kumagundane asekhulile ngokudla okuncane. Lolu cwaningo lusetshenziselwa abantu asebekhulile abahlakulela isifo sikashukela noma ngenxa yeshukela eliphakeme noma ukudla okunomsoco. Ukwengeza, ukudla okunomsoco oholela kuma-insulin ukumelana.

I-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide igcina ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwe-NAD +, okuyinto ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala ehlobene yobudala ngenkathi ngcono ukusebenza kwe-insulin ezinhlanganweni amafutha.

(7) Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela

Abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo II bahlala bekhombisa ukumelana ne-insulin. Lesi sici singenxa yokuwa kwe-NAD +. Ngenxa yalokhu, amaseli aba nengcindezi ye-oxidative nokuvuvukala. Uma usemncane, umzimba uzozivuselela ngemisebenzi ethile yomzimba engapheli. Kodwa-ke, ngokuguga, amazinga e-NAD + ancipha ezithombeni ezisekela impilo njengemisipha yamathambo, isibindi, ubuchopho namanyikwe.

Okunye okunikela ngesifo sikashukela esihlobene nobudala ukudla okunamafutha amaningi. Inani elingajwayelekile lamafutha agcwele livimbela i-biosynthesis ye-NAD +. Ngenhloso yokufakazela ukusebenza kweNicotinamide Mononucleotide ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela esidala kanye nokudla, uYoshino nozakwabo basebenzise izinhlobo ezimbili zamagundane.

Ngemuva kokwenza umthamo wansuku zonke we-NMN izinsuku ezicishe zibe yishumi, izazi zathola ukuthi amagundane, ayephekwa ngokudla okunamafutha amaningi, aqopha ukungabekezelelani kwe-insulin. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amagundane esifo sikashukela akhombisa ukuthuthuka okukhulu kwe-hyperlipidemia.

(8) Ukuguqula ukuguga

Izinkinga zempilo ezingapheli njalo zihambisana nenqubo yokuguga. Njengoba umzimba uhamba nezinguquko eziningana zomzimba, ezinye zezinhlelo zamaselula zenzeka ukuba zibuyele emuva. Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga ukuthi amazinga we-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ancipha ezithombeni eziningi, okuholela ekunciphiseni kokukhiqizwa kwamandla nge-mitochondrion yeseli.

Ukuguga kusetha izinto ezihlukahlukene ezifana nokulimaza kwe-DNA ngenxa yama-molecule angakhulumi, ukucindezeleka kwe-vascular oxidative, nezinye izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi. Uyazi ukuthi kwenzekani? Yebo, kune-protein yokulungisa i-DNA (PARP1) ohlelweni lwesintu. Uma kwenzeka umonakalo we-DNA, i-NAD + izovuselela le phrotheni ukuze ilungise iseli eliphathekayo.

Ucwaningo oluningana luqhamuke nezinzuzo ze-nicotinamide mononucleotide ekugugeni. Ngokwesibonelo, uMills nozakwabo basebenzisa amamodeli amagundane ukuze baphenye umphumela wokuncipha kokuphila okubangelwa ubudala kwe-NMN.

Esicwaningweni, abacwaningi baphawula ukuthi ukuphathwa kwesikhathi eside kwezokwelapha kwaholela ekwenzeni ukuguqulwa kwamagciwane okweqile ngaphakathi kwesibindi, imisipha yamathambo kanye nezicubu ze-adipose. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutholakala okuqinisekisile ukuthuthukisa ukukhulumisana kwamasosha omzimba, ukwanda kwama-lymphocytes, nokusebenza kwama-leukocytes.

Esinye isici sokuguga kungukuthi kukhona izindawo ezinemibala ekhanyayo ku-fundus ye-eye. Lesi simo kanye nokwehliswa kwamathambo nokuhluleka ukukhiqiza izinyembezi kuye kwacwaningwa ngokugcwele ezindongeni. Ososayensi baqaphele ukuthi amagundane, abeka ukwelashwa kwe-NMN ngenyanga ye-12, abe nayo yonke imibandela engenhla iguqulwa.

Ubude besikhathi yisona sizathu esenza abantu Thenga i-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide.

(9) Ukwelashwa kokukhuluphala

Kubantu asebekhulile, i-NMN inganciphisa kuze kufike ku-10% yesisindo somzimba sokuqala ngaphandle kokuthola indawo emaphakathi phakathi kokudla nokukhula. Indlela yokwelapha yokukhuluphala nesifo sikashukela ihambisana. Amazinga aphansi we-NAD + aletha ukukhubazeka kwamamithachondrial; ngakho-ke, ukwehla ekukhiqizweni kwe-ATP.

Ukukhuluphala kunciphisa amandla okuba mitochondria ekwenzeni amandla we-ATP amangqamuzana. Uma usuphethe i-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, lesi sidakamizwa sizothuthukisa ukungahambisani kwe-glucose neminye imisebenzi ye-metabolic ephathelene nokukhuluphala.

Uma kukhulunywa ngokuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi, i-NMN yokwelashwa okhuluphele yenza ngokufana nokuzivocavoca umzimba. Iphilisi elilodwa lingafana nokusebenzisa umshini wokunyathelisa nsuku zonke. Kodwa-ke, umehluko uza emazingeni wokuqukethwe kwe-NAD + ezithweni zomzimba. Ngenkathi iNicotinamide Mononucleotide inyusa i-NAD + kuzo zombili izicubu zesibindi nezemisipha, ukuzivocavoca umzimba kuphela kwakha inhlanganisela ngaphakathi kwemisipha.

Ingabe i-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (i-NMN) Ngempela isebenza Kubantu?

Yebo, lo kungaba umbuzo wamanje okhalayo ekhanda lakho. Kunoma ikuphi, lonke ucwaningo kanye nezifundo ze-Preclinical ezigxile kuNicotinamide mononucleotide naseNAD + bezilokhu zikhombe amamodeli we-murine.

Uma unokubhuka mayelana nokusebenza komsebenzi we-NMN kubantu, nansi konke okudingeka ukwazi. UDkt. David Sinclair, umcwaningi ophezulu, kanye ne-geneticist eHarvard University ungomunye wabamukeli be-NMN.

USinclair uyavuma ukuthi uthatha isengezo. Kuze kube manje, isazi asikaze sibhale noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi ye-nicotinamide mononucleotide. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uthi uzizwa emncane ngengqondo ebukhali. Ama-Hangovers nama-jet lags manje sekuyisikhathi esedlule kuye. Ubuye aqinisekise ukuthi ubaba wakhe, osevile eminyakeni engamashumi ayisikhombisa, naye uthatha isengezo.

Ukwengeza, uDkt. Sinclair usebenzise ukwelashwa njengesivivinyo sokuqala eBrigham naseBhedlela labesifazane. Unamasu okuqhubeka nokuhlola ukwesekwa kubantu abadala asebekhulile. Nakuba isifundo sakhe sesigaba esisodwa sesiphelile, usazokwenza incwadi esemthethweni. USinclair waqala isigaba sesibili salesi sitholampilo Ukwengeza kwe-NMN ucwaningo e 2018.

Izivivinyo zemitholampilo

Esifundweni somtholampilo esifanele i-1^st Ngo-Juni 2020, abacwaningi bafuna ukusungula ushintsho kobuzwe kanye nemisebenzi ye-beta-cell ne-NMN ukwengezela kubantu. Izazi zivela eWashington University School of Medicine naseKeio University School of Medicine eTokyo.

Ekulingweni komuntu okwenziwe ku-2016 eKeio University, izazi zazibheke ukuhlola ukuphepha kwe-NMN kubantu abadala abanempilo. Esigabeni sesibili esiqhubekayo, inhlangano efanayo, eholwa nguShin-Ichiro, iphhenya ukuphathwa kwe-NMN yesikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithimba lifuna ukuhlola imingcele ehlobene nemithi-syndrome, i-NMN kinetics, nomphumela wezidakamizwa ku-glucose metabolism.

Esifundweni se-2017 emtholampilo yiYunivesithi yaseWashington, ababambiqhaza bahlanganisa abesifazane be-50 abaneminyaka engu-55 kuya ku-75 iminyaka. Leli qembu lafakwa esilinganisweni nsuku zonke se-250mg se-NMN amasonto ayisishiyagalombili. Nakuba babeyizifo ezinempilo, laba besifazane babenezinhlanzi eziphakeme zegazi, i-triglyceride ne-BMI. Ucwaningo alukakapheli.

Njengamanje, azikho izincwadi eziqinisekisa ukusebenza kwe-NMN kumuntu. Kodwa-ke, kufanele ulinde ngoba kukhona okuphekayo futhi izivivinyo zomtholampilo zingathembisa.

Indlela Yokusebenzisa i-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (i-NMN) Yokulwa nokuguga?

Uma ubheka ukuthenga i-nicotinamide mononucleotide, kunezinto ezimbalwa okudingeka wazi.

Ungathatha nje ukwelashwa njengesithasiselo sokudla ngoba singakaze sithole imvume yokugcina ye-FDA ukuze ibe yisidakamizwa somuthi.

Izinga lokulinganisa phakathi kwe-25mg ne-300mg kuye ngezinzuzo zezempilo ofuna ukuzifeza. Noma kunjalo, abanye abantu bavuma ukuthatha ku-1000mg ngosuku. Thatha, isibonelo, uDkt. Sinclair uthatha i-750mg / usuku. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uqinisa lo mbuso nge-resveratrol ne-metformin.

Kuhlolwa kwe-NMN emitholampilo, iningi labacwaningi babezobeka izihloko zabo ohlwini lwamanani we-100mg kuya ku-250mg.

I-Oral vs. Okulinganiselwe

Uma ufuna ukwandisa ukutholakala kwemvelo kwalesi sengezo, kufanele uthenge amaphilisi e-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide ekuphathweni kwezilinganiso. Ukuthatha izidakamizwa ngomlomo kunciphisa inani elithintekayo ezinhlakeni. Isizathu siwukuthi sibhekana nokugaya umzimba nokudakalisa njengoba sidlula ngendlela yokugaya nesibindi.

I-NMN eyingqayizivele ingena ngqo egazini ngaphandle kwezingcingo. Izinga lokungenisa le ndlela yokudiliva cishe izikhathi ezinhlanu ngaphezu kokuphathwa komlomo. Kulesi simo, kuzodingeka ukwandise umthamo wokwenza isiphakamiso sokuqala se-metabolism esibindi. Uma ucabanga ukuthi ucwaninga, ungadinga i-nicotinamide mononucleotide i-powder bulk ukuze ugcwalise isifundo.

I-Effect Side Of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Okufanele Uyazi

Okujwayelekile kufana nalokho okukhonjiswe yi-niacinamide kanye neminye imiphumela emibi ye-vitamin B3 compoundnicotinamide mononucleotide. Kodwa-ke, iningi labantu aliziboneli nakancane. Isibonelo, usosayensi ocwaningayo ophakeme waseHarvard University uyavuma ukuthi uthatha i-NMN, kepha akazange abone noma yimiphi imiphumela yokungqongqoza.

Kuze kube manje, kuzo zonke i-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide etholakalayo isebenza ngamagundane, akukho datha ekhombisa ukuthi kukhona noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi e-murine models. Akekho umcwaningi orekhodile uphawu olubi kokubili kokuphathwa kwe-NMN emfushane nesikhathi eside.

Abanye abantu bangase babone lokhu okulandelayo okungalungile;

• I-nausea
• Ukuvota
• isiyezi
• Isisu sithukuthele
• Uhudo
• Ukusabela okwenziwe okwenziwe okwenziwe okwenziwe okwehla okufana ne-itchiness, imihlathi, noma imfucumfucu

Ezimweni ezingavamile, imiphumela emibi ye-nicotinamide mononucleotide ingaba nzima kangangokuthi kufanele ufune ukuhlolwa kwezempilo ngokushesha. Ukukhuluma ngezinkinga ezimbalwa, ukuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile, ukuhlanza okuqhubekayo, isikhumba esikhuphuka, nokulahlekelwa kwesifiso kungenye yezimpawu ezinzima.

Izimo

Kuze kube manje, ukuvivinywa kokwelashwa kuye kwagxila kubantu abadala abanempilo ebangeni lobudala le-45 kuya ku-75 iminyaka. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amaqembu alandelayo kufanele aqaphele ngaphambi kokulawula ama-NMN anti-aging supplements.

• Omama abakhulelwe nabahlengikazi
• Abantu abanomlando we-hypersensitivity ku-NMN
• Iziguli ezithatha imithi yezifo ezingapheli

Ngingayitholaphi I-Anti-Aging Drugs-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN)?

(1) Imithombo Yokudla ye-NMN

Cishe wenza ingxabano ngokuthi kungani kufanele uthenge iNicotinamide Mononucleotide lapho ungakuthola kalula ekudleni okuthile. Ake ngichaze kafushane ukuthi kungani lokhu okungeziwe kudingekile.

Njengoba i-NAD + inqamuka emzimbeni ngenxa yokuguga, amaseli ngeke akwazi ukulwa nomphumela. Kuleli phuzu, ukhetho lwakho kuphela lungase lusebenzise izithasiselo ze-NMN. Abahlengikazi bazokukhuthaza ukuba uthathe ukudla okune-NMN okucebile njenge-broccoli, amakhowe, i-edamame noma ama-shrimp. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kudla kuzokhipha kuphela ngaphansi kwe-5% yalokho umzimba wakho odinga.

U-FDA uncoma ukuthi noma yimuphi umuntu udinga cishe i-560mg ye-NMN ngosuku. Uma ucabanga ukuthi uzothola ukwesekwa kusuka ku-broccoli, kuzodingeka udle ama-1500 amakhilogremu afanayo.

(2) Ama-NMN Supplements

The i-nicotinamide mononucleotide i-powder eningi iyatholakala ukuthengiswa ezitolo eziningi zokwelapha nezidakamizwa noma laboratories. Uma ufuna ezinye ucwaningo lwakho, ungenza umyalelo wenqwaba, okuza nezintengo ezishisiwe futhi ukukhishwa kwamacala okuthumela.

Ukuthenga ku-inthanethi kwe-NMN akukongi nje kuphela isikhathi sakho kodwa futhi kunikeza inkundla enhle kakhulu yokuqhathanisa amanani ahlukene. Uma ungeyena umcwaningi, usengakwazi ukuthenga i-Nicotinamide Mononucleotidesupplements ukuze uyisebenzisele umuntu siqu. Ngaphambi kokwenza i-oda, qiniseka ukuthi iwumkhiqizo wezinga lokudla.

Isifinyezo

Kuzwakala kungenangqondo ukufakazela ukuthi i-NMN yandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwabantu. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kufaka kuphelile. Isizathu sokufa phakathi kwabantu asebekhulile kubangelwa izifo ezibangelwa ukudala, okuvela ngenxa yemisebenzi yamaselula empofu.

I-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide evimbela ukuguga ingena kuphela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukulethwa kukaphethiloli weselula futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwamaseli. Isebenza ngokulawula i-NAD+, evame ukwehla njengoba sikhula.

Ukusebenzisa ama-crams ebusweni bokuguga, ama-moisturizers, ama-sunscreens, noma ukuqala umzimba ngokudla okunempilo kungashintsha ubuso bakho kuphela. Kodwa-ke, udinga ukuqonda imbangela ebangela ukucindezeleka ukuguga ukubhekana nabo ngabanye. I-Nicotinamide mononucleotide iguqula inqubo yokuguga ngokulungisa i-DNA eyonakalisiwe, ivikela ubuchopho, isimiso senhliziyo, ukuthuthukisa imisebenzi yemisipha, nokuthuthukisa ukukhuthazela.

Uma ufuna nicotinamide mononucleotide bulk powder, hlola nathi futhi ujabulele amanani angobungane.

Okubhekwayo

1. Izigayidi, KF, Yoshino, J., Yoshida, S., et al. (I-2016). Ukulawulwa Kwesikhathi Eside Kokuphela Kwe-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Kunciphisa Ukuguga Kwemvelo Ehlanganiswa Nokwemvelo Kwezinsana. I-Cell Metabolism.
2. UJoshino, J., Mills, KF, Imai, SI, noJoon, MJ (2011). I-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, i-NAD + ephakathi, isebenzisa i-Pathophysiology ye-Diet- kanye ne-Diabetes Ekhulelwe Ngayo Emantwini. I-Cell Metabolism.
3. Yamamoto, T., Byun, J., Zhai P., Ikeda, Y., Oka, S., noSadoshima, J. (2014). I-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, isiPhakathi seNAD + Synthesis, ivikela Inhliziyo kusuka Ischemia nokuphinda kufakwe kabusha.
4. Sinclair, DA, Uddin, GM, Youngson, NA, noMorris, MJ (2016). Hlola kuya eNhloko Ukuqhathaniswa Ukwelashwa Kwesikhathi Esifishane Nesandulela seNAD + iNicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) kanye namaviki ayisithupha Wokuzivocavoca Emagundeni Ase-Obese Abesifazane.
5. Imai, S., Yoshino, J., Mills, KF, Grozio, A., et al. (2019) I-Slc12a8 yi-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Transporter. Uhlobo lweMetabolism.
6. De Picciotto, NE, Mills, KF, Imai, S., Gano, LB, et al. (I-2016). I-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide iguqula ukukhubazeka kwe-Vascular nokucindezeleka okuxubile ngamagundane asegugile.
7. Yao, Z., Gao, Z., Yang, W., noJia, P. (2017). I-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide ivimbela ukuvuselelwa kwe-JNK ukuguqula izifo ze-Alzheimer.
8. Hou, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Lautrup, S., et al. (I-2018). I-NAD + I-Supplementation ihlanganisa izici ze-Alzheimer Key kanye ne-DNA Impendulo yokulimala ku-AD entsha ye-Mouse Model ne-Introduced DNA Repair Repair.
9. RAW I-NICOTINAMIDE MONONUCLEOTIDE (NMN) UPHAWU (1094-61-7).